Wireless operation in the 42-48 ghz band

ABSTRACT

Methods, apparatuses, and computer readable media for wireless operation in the 42-49 GHz band are disclosed. Apparatuses of a station (STA) or access point (AP) are disclosed, where the apparatuses comprise processing circuitry configured to transmit a first physical (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) on a 42-48 GHz band in accordance with a subcarrier spacing of 2.5 KHz and Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) period of 0.4 μs, where the apparatus is configured to transmit at least on a 160 MHz subchannel, a 320 MHz subchannel, a 640 MHz subchannel, and a 1280 MHz subchannel. The processing circuitry further configured to decode a second PPDU on the 42-48 GHz band in accordance with the subcarrier spacing of 2.5 KHz and an inverse DFT period of 0.4 μs.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments relate to wireless operation in the 42-48 GHz band in accordance with wireless local area networks (WLANs) and Wi-Fi networks including networks operating in accordance with different versions or generations of the IEEE 802.11 family of standards. Some embodiments relate to modifying legacy versions of IEEE 802.11 to accommodate the higher frequencies and larger bandwidth of the 42-48 GHz band.

BACKGROUND

Efficient use of the resources of a wireless local-area network (WLAN) is important to provide bandwidth and acceptable response times to the users of the WLAN. However, often there are many devices trying to share the same resources and some devices may be limited by the communication protocol they use or by their hardware bandwidth. Moreover, wireless devices may need to operate with both newer protocols and with legacy device protocols.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure is illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements and in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a radio architecture in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates a front-end module circuitry for use in the radio architecture of FIG. 1 in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 3 illustrates a radio IC circuitry for use in the radio architecture of FIG. 1 in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 4 illustrates a baseband processing circuitry for use in the radio architecture of FIG.1 in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates a WLAN in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an example machine upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may perform.

FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless device upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies or operations) discussed herein may perform.

FIG. 8 illustrates the 42-48 GHz band, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 9 illustrates a channelization of the 42-48 GHz Band, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 10 illustrates a method for wireless operation in the 42-48 GHz band, in accordance with some embodiments.

DESCRIPTION

The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustrate specific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process, and other changes. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in, or substituted for, those of other embodiments. Embodiments set forth in the claims encompass all available equivalents of those claims.

Some embodiments relate to methods, computer readable media, and apparatus for ordering or scheduling location measurement reports, traffic indication maps (TIMs), and other information during SPs. Some embodiments relate to methods, computer readable media, and apparatus for extending TIMs. Some embodiments relate to methods, computer readable media, and apparatus for defining SPs during beacon intervals (BI), which may be based on TWTs.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a radio architecture 100 in accordance with some embodiments. Radio architecture 100 may include radio front-end module (FEM) circuitry 104, radio IC circuitry 106 and baseband processing circuitry 108. Radio architecture 100 as shown includes both Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) functionality and Bluetooth (BT) functionality although embodiments are not so limited. In this disclosure, “WLAN” and “Wi-Fi” are used interchangeably.

FEM circuitry 104 may include a WLAN or Wi-Fi FEM circuitry 104A and a Bluetooth (BT) FEM circuitry 104B. The WLAN FEM circuitry 104A may include a receive signal path comprising circuitry configured to operate on WLAN RF signals received from one or more antennas 101, to amplify the received signals and to provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the WLAN radio IC circuitry 106A for further processing. The BT FEM circuitry 104B may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry configured to operate on BT RF signals received from one or more antennas 101, to amplify the received signals and to provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the BT radio IC circuitry 106B for further processing. FEM circuitry 104A may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify WLAN signals provided by the radio IC circuitry 106A for wireless transmission by one or more of the antennas 101. In addition, FEM circuitry 104B may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify BT signals provided by the radio IC circuitry 106B for wireless transmission by the one or more antennas. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, although FEM 104A and FEM 104B are shown as being distinct from one another, embodiments are not so limited, and include within their scope the use of an FEM (not shown) that includes a transmit path and/or a receive path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use of one or more FEM circuitries where at least some of the FEM circuitries share transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals.

Radio IC circuitry 106 as shown may include WLAN radio IC circuitry 106A and BT radio IC circuitry 106B. The WLAN radio IC circuitry 106A may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down-convert WLAN RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 104A and provide baseband signals to WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108A. BT radio IC circuitry 106B may in turn include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down-convert BT RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 104B and provide baseband signals to BT baseband processing circuitry 108B. WLAN radio IC circuitry 106A may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert WLAN baseband signals provided by the WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108A and provide WLAN RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 104A for subsequent wireless transmission by the one or more antennas 101. BT radio IC circuitry 106B may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert BT baseband signals provided by the BT baseband processing circuitry 108B and provide BT RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 104B for subsequent wireless transmission by the one or more antennas 101. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, although radio IC circuitries 106A and 106B are shown as being distinct from one another, embodiments are not so limited, and include within their scope the use of a radio IC circuitry (not shown) that includes a transmit signal path and/or a receive signal path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use of one or more radio IC circuitries where at least some of the radio IC circuitries share transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals.

Baseband processing circuity 108 may include a WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108A and a BT baseband processing circuitry 108B. The WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108A may include a memory, such as, for example, a set of RAM arrays in a Fast Fourier Transform or Inverse Fast Fourier Transform block (not shown) of the WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108A. Each of the WLAN baseband circuitry 108A and the BT baseband circuitry 108B may further include one or more processors and control logic to process the signals received from the corresponding WLAN or BT receive signal path of the radio IC circuitry 106, and to also generate corresponding WLAN or BT baseband signals for the transmit signal path of the radio IC circuitry 106. Each of the baseband processing circuitries 108A and 108B may further include physical layer (PHY) and medium access control layer (MAC) circuitry, and may further interface with application processor 111 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the radio IC circuitry 106.

Referring still to FIG. 1, according to the shown embodiment, WLAN-BT coexistence circuitry 113 may include logic providing an interface between the WLAN baseband circuitry 108A and the BT baseband circuitry 108B to enable use cases requiring WLAN and BT coexistence. In addition, a switch 103 may be provided between the WLAN FEM circuitry 104A and the BT FEM circuitry 104B to allow switching between the WLAN and BT radios according to application needs. In addition, although the antennas 101 are depicted as being respectively connected to the WLAN FEM circuitry 104A and the BT FEM circuitry 104B, embodiments include within their scope the sharing of one or more antennas as between the WLAN and BT FEMs, or the provision of more than one antenna connected to each of FEM 104A or 104B.

In some embodiments, the front-end module circuitry 104, the radio IC circuitry 106, and baseband processing circuitry 108 may be provided on a single radio card, such as wireless radio card 102. In some other embodiments, the one or more antennas 101, the FEM circuitry 104 and the radio IC circuitry 106 may be provided on a single radio card. In some other embodiments, the radio IC circuitry 106 and the baseband processing circuitry 108 may be provided on a single chip or IC, such as IC 112.

In some embodiments, the wireless radio card 102 may include a WLAN radio card and may be configured for Wi-Fi communications, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some of these embodiments, the radio architecture 100 may be configured to receive and transmit orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication signals over a multicarrier communication channel. The OFDM or OFDMA signals may comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.

In some of these multicarrier embodiments, radio architecture 100 may be part of a Wi-Fi communication station (STA) such as a wireless access point (AP), a base station or a mobile device including a Wi-Fi device. In some of these embodiments, radio architecture 100 may be configured to transmit and receive signals in accordance with specific communication standards and/or protocols, such as any of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards including, IEEE 802.11n-2009, IEEE 802.11-2012, IEEE 802.11-2016, IEEE 802.11ac, and/or IEEE 802.11ax standards and/or proposed specifications for WLANs, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect. Radio architecture 100 may also be suitable to transmit and/or receive communications in accordance with other techniques and standards.

In some embodiments, the radio architecture 100 may be configured for high-efficiency (HE) Wi-Fi (HEW) communications in accordance with the IEEE 802.11ax standard. In these embodiments, the radio architecture 100 may be configured to communicate in accordance with an OFDMA technique, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some other embodiments, the radio architecture 100 may be configured to transmit and receive signals transmitted using one or more other modulation techniques such as spread spectrum modulation (e.g., direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and/or frequency hopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA)), time-division multiplexing (TDM) modulation, and/or frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) modulation, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, as further shown in FIG. 1, the BT baseband circuitry 108B may be compliant with a Bluetooth (BT) connectivity standard such as Bluetooth, Bluetooth 4.0 or Bluetooth 5.0, or any other iteration of the Bluetooth Standard. In embodiments that include BT functionality as shown for example in FIG. 1, the radio architecture 100 may be configured to establish a BT synchronous connection oriented (SCO) link and/or a BT low energy (BT LE) link. In some of the embodiments that include functionality, the radio architecture 100 may be configured to establish an extended SCO (eSCO) link for BT communications, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some of these embodiments that include a BT functionality, the radio architecture may be configured to engage in a BT Asynchronous Connection-Less (ACL) communications, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the functions of a BT radio card and WLAN radio card may be combined on a single wireless radio card, such as single wireless radio card 102, although embodiments are not so limited, and include within their scope discrete WLAN and BT radio cards

In some embodiments, the radio-architecture 100 may include other radio cards, such as a cellular radio card configured for cellular (e.g., 3GPP such as LTE, LTE-Advanced or 5G communications).

In some IEEE 802.11 embodiments, the radio architecture 100 may be configured for communication over various channel bandwidths including bandwidths having center frequencies of about 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and bandwidths of about 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 4 MHz, 5MHz, 8 MHz, 10 MHz, 16 MHz, 20 MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz (with contiguous bandwidths) or 80+80MHz (160MHz) (with non-contiguous bandwidths). In some embodiments, a 320 MHz channel bandwidth may be used. The scope of the embodiments is not limited with respect to the above center frequencies however.

FIG. 2 illustrates FEM circuitry 200 in accordance with some embodiments. The FEM circuitry 200 is one example of circuitry that may be suitable for use as the WLAN and/or BT FEM circuitry 104A/104B (FIG. 1), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.

In some embodiments, the FEM circuitry 200 may include a TX/RX switch 202 to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEM circuitry 200 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry 200 may include a low-noise amplifier (LNA) 206 to amplify received RF signals 203 and provide the amplified received RF signals 207 as an output (e.g., to the radio IC circuitry 106 (FIG. 1)). The transmit signal path of the circuitry 200 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals 209 (e.g., provided by the radio IC circuitry 106), and one or more filters 212, such as band-pass filters (BPFs), low-pass filters (LPFs) or other types of filters, to generate RF signals 215 for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the antennas 101 (FIG. 1)).

In some dual-mode embodiments for Wi-Fi communication, the FEM circuitry 200 may be configured to operate in either the 2.4 GHz frequency spectrum or the 5 GHz frequency spectrum. In these embodiments, the receive signal path of the FEM circuitry 200 may include a receive signal path duplexer 204 to separate the signals from each spectrum as well as provide a separate LNA 206 for each spectrum as shown. In these embodiments, the transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 200 may also include a power amplifier 210 and a filter 212, such as a BPF, a LPF or another type of filter for each frequency spectrum and a transmit signal path duplexer 214 to provide the signals of one of the different spectrums onto a single transmit path for subsequent transmission by the one or more of the antennas 101 (FIG. 1). In some embodiments, BT communications may utilize the 2.4 GHZ signal paths and may utilize the same FEM circuitry 200 as the one used for WLAN communications.

FIG. 3 illustrates radio integrated circuit (IC) circuitry 300 in accordance with some embodiments. The radio IC circuitry 300 is one example of circuitry that may be suitable for use as the WLAN or BT radio IC circuitry 106A/106B (FIG. 1), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.

In some embodiments, the radio IC circuitry 300 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the radio IC circuitry 300 may include at least mixer circuitry 302, such as, for example, down-conversion mixer circuitry, amplifier circuitry 306 and filter circuitry 308. The transmit signal path of the radio IC circuitry 300 may include at least filter circuitry 312 and mixer circuitry 314, such as, for example, up-conversion mixer circuitry. Radio IC circuitry 300 may also include synthesizer circuitry 304 for synthesizing a frequency 305 for use by the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314. The mixer circuitry 302 and/or 314 may each, according to some embodiments, be configured to provide direct conversion functionality. The latter type of circuitry presents a much simpler architecture as compared with standard super-heterodyne mixer circuitries, and any flicker noise brought about by the same may be alleviated for example through the use of OFDM modulation. FIG. 3 illustrates only a simplified version of a radio IC circuitry, and may include, although not shown, embodiments where each of the depicted circuitries may include more than one component. For instance, mixer circuitry 320 and/or 314 may each include one or more mixers, and filter circuitries 308 and/or 312 may each include one or more filters, such as one or more BPFs and/or LPFs according to application needs. For example, when mixer circuitries are of the direct-conversion type, they may each include two or more mixers.

In some embodiments, mixer circuitry 302 may be configured to down-convert RF signals 207 received from the FEM circuitry 104 (FIG. 1) based on the synthesized frequency 305 provided by synthesizer circuitry 304. The amplifier circuitry 306 may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 308 may include a LPF configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals 307. Output baseband signals 307 may be provided to the baseband processing circuitry 108 (FIG. 1) for further processing. In some embodiments, the output baseband signals 307 may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement. In some embodiments, mixer circuitry 302 may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 314 may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals 311 based on the synthesized frequency 305 provided by the synthesizer circuitry 304 to generate RF output signals 209 for the FEM circuitry 104. The baseband signals 311 may be provided by the baseband processing circuitry 108 and may be filtered by filter circuitry 312. The filter circuitry 312 may include a LPF or a BPF, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314 may each include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature down-conversion and/or up-conversion respectively with the help of synthesizer 304. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314 may each include two or more mixers each configured for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection). In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314 may be arranged for direct down-conversion and/or direct up-conversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314 may be configured for super-heterodyne operation, although this is not a requirement.

Mixer circuitry 302 may comprise, according to one embodiment: quadrature passive mixers (e.g., for the in-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) paths). In such an embodiment, RF input signal 207 from FIG. 3 may be down-converted to provide I and Q baseband output signals to be sent to the baseband processor

Quadrature passive mixers may be driven by zero and ninety-degree time-varying LO switching signals provided by a quadrature circuitry which may be configured to receive a LO frequency (f_(LO)) from a local oscillator or a synthesizer, such as LO frequency 305 of synthesizer 304 (FIG. 3). In some embodiments, the LO frequency may be the carrier frequency, while in other embodiments, the LO frequency may be a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g., one-half the carrier frequency, one-third the carrier frequency). In some embodiments, the zero and ninety-degree time-varying switching signals may be generated by the synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the LO signals may differ in duty cycle (the percentage of one period in which the LO signal is high) and/or offset (the difference between start points of the period). In some embodiments, the LO signals may have a 25% duty cycle and a 50% offset. In some embodiments, each branch of the mixer circuitry (e.g., the in-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) path) may operate at a 25% duty cycle, which may result in a significant reduction is power consumption.

The RF input signal 207 (FIG. 2) may comprise a balanced signal, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. The I and Q baseband output signals may be provided to low-nose amplifier, such as amplifier circuitry 306 (FIG. 3) or to filter circuitry 308 (FIG. 3).

In some embodiments, the output baseband signals 307 and the input baseband signals 311 may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternate embodiments, the output baseband signals 307 and the input baseband signals 311 may be digital baseband signals. In these alternate embodiments, the radio IC circuitry may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry.

In some dual-mode embodiments, a separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, or for other spectrums not mentioned here, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 304 may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. For example, synthesizer circuitry 304 may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider. According to some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 304 may include digital synthesizer circuitry. An advantage of using a digital synthesizer circuitry is that, although it may still include some analog components, its footprint may be scaled down much more than the footprint of an analog synthesizer circuitry. In some embodiments, frequency input into synthesizer circuity 304 may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement. A divider control input may further be provided by either the baseband processing circuitry 108 (FIG. 1) or the application processor 111 (FIG. 1) depending on the desired output frequency 305. In some embodiments, a divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table (e.g., within a Wi-Fi card) based on a channel number and a channel center frequency as determined or indicated by the application processor 111.

In some embodiments, synthesizer circuitry 304 may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency 305, while in other embodiments, the output frequency 305 may be a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g., one-half the carrier frequency, one-third the carrier frequency). In some embodiments, the output frequency 305 may be a LO frequency (f_(LO)).

FIG. 4 illustrates a functional block diagram of baseband processing circuitry 400 in accordance with some embodiments. The baseband processing circuitry 400 is one example of circuitry that may be suitable for use as the baseband processing circuitry 108 (FIG. 1), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable. The baseband processing circuitry 400 may include a receive baseband processor (RX BBP) 402 for processing receive baseband signals 309 provided by the radio IC circuitry 106 (FIG. 1) and a transmit baseband processor (TX BBP) 404 for generating transmit baseband signals 311 for the radio IC circuitry 106. The baseband processing circuitry 400 may also include control logic 406 for coordinating the operations of the baseband processing circuitry 400.

In some embodiments (e.g., when analog baseband signals are exchanged between the baseband processing circuitry 400 and the radio IC circuitry 106), the baseband processing circuitry 400 may include ADC 410 to convert analog baseband signals received from the radio IC circuitry 106 to digital baseband signals for processing by the RX BBP 402. In these embodiments, the baseband processing circuitry 400 may also include DAC 412 to convert digital baseband signals from the TX BBP 404 to analog baseband signals.

In some embodiments that communicate OFDM signals or OFDMA signals, such as through baseband processor 108A, the transmit baseband processor 404 may be configured to generate OFDM or OFDMA signals as appropriate for transmission by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). The receive baseband processor 402 may be configured to process received OFDM signals or OFDMA signals by performing an FFT. In some embodiments, the receive baseband processor 402 may be configured to detect the presence of an OFDM signal or OFDMA signal by performing an autocorrelation, to detect a preamble, such as a short preamble, and by performing a cross-correlation, to detect a long preamble. The preambles may be part of a predetermined frame structure for Wi-Fi communication.

Referring to FIG. 1, in some embodiments, the antennas 101 (FIG. 1) may each comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals. In some multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) embodiments, the antennas may be effectively separated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result. Antennas 101 may each include a set of phased-array antennas, although embodiments are not so limited.

Although the radio-architecture 100 is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. For example, some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein. In some embodiments, the functional elements may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.

FIG. 5 illustrates a WLAN 500 in accordance with some embodiments. The WLAN 500 may comprise a basis service set (BSS) that may include an access point (AP) 502, a plurality of stations (STAs) 504, and a plurality of legacy devices 506. In some embodiments, the STAs 504 and/or AP 502 are configured to operate in accordance with IEEE 802.11be extremely high throughput (EHT), high efficiency (HE) IEEE 802.11ax, and/or IEEE 802.11 for operation in the 42-48 GHz band. In accordance with some embodiments, the STAs 504 and/or AP 520 are configured to operate in accordance with IEEE 802.11az. In some embodiments, IEEE 802.11EHT may be termed Next Generation 802.11. The STA 504 and AP 502 (or apparatuses of) may be configured to operate in accordance with IEEE P802.11-REVme™/D0.4, October 2021, which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The AP 502 and/or STA 504 may operate in accordance with different versions of the communication standards.

The AP 502 may be an AP using the IEEE 802.11 to transmit and receive. The AP 502 may be a base station. The AP 502 may use other communications protocols as well as the IEEE 802.11 protocol. The IEEE 802.11 protocol may include using orthogonal frequency division multiple-access (OFDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), and/or code division multiple access (CDMA). The IEEE 802.11 protocol may include a multiple access technique. For example, the IEEE 802.11 protocol may include space-division multiple access (SDMA) and/or multiple-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO). There may be more than one AP 502 that is part of an extended service set (ESS). A controller (not illustrated) may store information that is common to the more than one APs 502 and may control more than one BSS, e.g., assign primary channels, colors, etc. AP 502 may be connected to the internet. The protocol used may be IEEE 802.11 for operation in the 42-48 GHz band, which may be a modification of one or more of the protocols included in IEEE P802.11-REVme™/D0.4, October 2021.

The legacy devices 506 may operate in accordance with one or more of IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac/ad/af/ah/aj/ay/ax/be/Next Gen, or another legacy wireless communication standard. The legacy devices 506 may be STAs or IEEE STAs. The STAs 504 may be wireless transmit and receive devices such as cellular telephone, portable electronic wireless communication devices, smart telephone, handheld wireless device, wireless glasses, wireless watch, wireless personal device, tablet, or another device that may be transmitting and receiving using the IEEE 802.11 protocol such as IEEE 802.11be or another wireless protocol.

The AP 502 may communicate with legacy devices 506 in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 communication techniques. In example embodiments, the H AP 502 may also be configured to communicate with STAs 504 in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 communication techniques.

In some embodiments, a frames or PPDUs may be configurable to have the same bandwidth as a channel. In some embodiments, PPDU may be an abbreviation for physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU). In some embodiments, there may be different types of PPDUs that may have different fields and different physical layers and/or different media access control (MAC) layers. For example, a single user (SU) PPDU, multiple-user (MU) PPDU, extended-range (ER) SU PPDU, and/or trigger-based (TB) PPDU. In some embodiments EHT may be the same or similar as HE PPDUs.

The bandwidth of a channel may be 20MHz, 40MHz, or 80MHz, 80+80MHz, 160MHz, 160+160MHz, 320MHz, 320+320MHz, 640MHz bandwidths. In some embodiments, the bandwidth of subchannels used to transmit the PPDUs is one or more of the subchannels defined in IEEE P802.11-REVme™/D0.4, October 2021 and/or in Tables 3-5 as disclosed herein.

A frame may be configured for transmitting a number of spatial streams, which may be in accordance with MU-MIMO and may be in accordance with OFDMA. In other embodiments, the AP 502, STA 504, and/or legacy device 506 may also implement different technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) 2000, CDMA 2000 1X, CDMA 2000 Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO), Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), BlueTooth®, low-power BlueTooth®, or other technologies.

In accordance with some IEEE 802.11 embodiments, an AP 502 may operate as a master station which may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium (e.g., during a contention period) to receive exclusive control of the medium for a transmission opportunity (TXOP). The AP 502 may transmit an trigger frame transmission, which may include a schedule for simultaneous UL/DL transmissions from STAs 504. The AP 502 may transmit a time duration of the TXOP and sub-channel information. During the TXOP, STAs 504 may communicate with the AP 502 in accordance with a non-contention based multiple access technique such as OFDMA or MU-MIMO. This is unlike conventional WLAN communications in which devices communicate in accordance with a contention-based communication technique, rather than a multiple access technique. During the control period, the AP 502 may communicate with stations 504 using one or more frames. During the TXOP, the HE STAs 504 may operate on a sub-channel smaller than the operating range of the AP 502. During the TXOP, legacy stations refrain from communicating. The legacy stations may need to receive the communication from the HE AP 502 to defer from communicating.

In accordance with some embodiments, during the TXOP the STAs 504 may contend for the wireless medium with the legacy devices 506 being excluded from contending for the wireless medium during the master-sync transmission. In some embodiments the trigger frame may indicate an UL-MU-MIMO and/or UL OFDMA TXOP. In some embodiments, the trigger frame may include a DL UL-MU-MIMO and/or DL OFDMA with a schedule indicated in a preamble portion of trigger frame.

In some embodiments, the multiple-access technique used during the HE or TXOP may be a scheduled OFDMA technique, although this is not a requirement. In some embodiments, the multiple access technique may be a time-division multiple access (TDMA) technique or a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) technique. In some embodiments, the multiple access technique may be a space-division multiple access (SDMA) technique. In some embodiments, the multiple access technique may be a Code division multiple access (CDMA).

The AP 502 may also communicate with legacy stations 506 and/or STAs 504 in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 communication techniques. In some embodiments, the AP 502 may also be configurable to communicate with STAs 504 outside the TXOP in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 or IEEE 802.11EHT/ax communication techniques, although this is not a requirement.

In some embodiments the STA 504 may be a “group owner” (GO) for peer-to-peer modes of operation. A wireless device may be a STA 502 or a HE AP 502.

In some embodiments, the STA 504 and/or AP 502 may be configured to operate in accordance with IEEE 802.11mc. In example embodiments, the radio architecture of FIG. 1 is configured to implement the STA 504 and/or the AP 502. In example embodiments, the front-end module circuitry of FIG. 2 is configured to implement the STA 504 and/or the AP 502. In example embodiments, the radio IC circuitry of FIG. 3 is configured to implement the station 504 and/or the AP 502. In example embodiments, the base-band processing circuitry of FIG. 4 is configured to implement the STA 504 and/or the AP 502.

In example embodiments, the STAs 504, AP 502, an apparatus of the STA 504, and/or an apparatus of the AP 502 may include one or more of the following: the radio architecture of FIG. 1, the front-end module circuitry of FIG. 2, the radio IC circuitry of FIG. 3, and/or the base-band processing circuitry of FIG. 4.

In example embodiments, the radio architecture of FIG. 1, the front-end module circuitry of FIG. 2, the radio IC circuitry of FIG. 3, and/or the base-band processing circuitry of FIG. 4 may be configured to perform the methods and operations/functions herein described in conjunction with FIGS. 1-10.

In example embodiments, the STAs 504 and/or the AP 502 are configured to perform the methods and operations/functions described herein in conjunction with FIGS. 1-10. In example embodiments, an apparatus of the STA 504 and/or an apparatus of the AP 502 are configured to perform the methods and functions described herein in conjunction with FIGS. 1-10. The term Wi-Fi may refer to one or more of the IEEE 802.11 communication standards and may include additional standards.

In some embodiments, when a STA 504 is not operating as an AP, it may be referred to as a non-AP STA or non-AP. In some embodiments, STA 504 may be referred to as either an AP STA or a non-AP.

FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an example machine 600 upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may perform. In alternative embodiments, the machine 600 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine 600 may operate in the capacity of a server machine, a client machine, or both in server-client network environments. In an example, the machine 600 may act as a peer machine in peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environment. The machine 600 may be a HE AP 502, EVT station 504, personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable communications device, a mobile telephone, a smart phone, a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. Further, while only a single machine is illustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS), other computer cluster configurations.

Machine (e.g., computer system) 600 may include a hardware processor 602 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 604 and a static memory 606, some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interlink (e.g., bus) 608.

Specific examples of main memory 604 include Random Access Memory (RAM), and semiconductor memory devices, which may include, in some embodiments, storage locations in semiconductors such as registers. Specific examples of static memory 606 include non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; RAM; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.

The machine 600 may further include a display device 610, an input device 612 (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 614 (e.g., a mouse). In an example, the display device 610, input device 612 and UI navigation device 614 may be a touch screen display. The machine 600 may additionally include a mass storage (e.g., drive unit) 616, a signal generation device 618 (e.g., a speaker), a network interface device 620, and one or more sensors 621, such as a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, compass, accelerometer, or other sensor. The machine 600 may include an output controller 628, such as a serial (e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared(IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, card reader, etc.). In some embodiments the processor 602 and/or instructions 624 may comprise processing circuitry and/or transceiver circuitry.

The storage device 616 may include a machine readable medium 622 on which is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions 624 (e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the techniques or functions described herein. The instructions 624 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 604, within static memory 606, or within the hardware processor 602 during execution thereof by the machine 600. In an example, one or any combination of the hardware processor 602, the main memory 604, the static memory 606, or the storage device 616 may constitute machine readable media.

Specific examples of machine readable media may include: non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., EPROM or EEPROM) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; RAM; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.

While the machine readable medium 622 is illustrated as a single medium, the term “machine readable medium” may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 624.

An apparatus of the machine 600 may be one or more of a hardware processor 602 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 604 and a static memory 606, sensors 621, network interface device 620, antennas 660, a display device 610, an input device 612, a UI navigation device 614, a mass storage 616, instructions 624, a signal generation device 618, and an output controller 628. The apparatus may be configured to perform one or more of the methods and/or operations disclosed herein. The apparatus may be intended as a component of the machine 600 to perform one or more of the methods and/or operations disclosed herein, and/or to perform a portion of one or more of the methods and/or operations disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the apparatus may include a pin or other means to receive power. In some embodiments, the apparatus may include power conditioning hardware.

The term “machine readable medium” may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 600 and that cause the machine 600 to perform any one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions. Non-limiting machine readable medium examples may include solid-state memories, and optical and magnetic media. Specific examples of machine readable media may include: non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; Random Access Memory (RAM); and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. In some examples, machine readable media may include non-transitory machine-readable media. In some examples, machine readable media may include machine readable media that is not a transitory propagating signal.

The instructions 624 may further be transmitted or received over a communications network 626 using a transmission medium via the network interface device 620 utilizing any one of a number of transfer protocols (e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.). Example communication networks may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the Internet), mobile telephone networks (e.g., cellular networks), Plain Old Telephone (POTS) networks, and wireless data networks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) family of standards, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) family of standards, peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others.

In an example, the network interface device 620 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communications network 626. In an example, the network interface device 620 may include one or more antennas 660 to wirelessly communicate using at least one of single-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), or multiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques. In some examples, the network interface device 620 may wirelessly communicate using Multiple User MIMO techniques. The term “transmission medium” shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 600, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible medium to facilitate communication of such software.

Examples, as described herein, may include, or may operate on, logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules are tangible entities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain manner. In an example, circuits may be arranged (e.g., internally or with respect to external entities such as other circuits) in a specified manner as a module. In an example, the whole or part of one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone, client or server computer system) or one or more hardware processors may be configured by firmware or software (e.g., instructions, an application portion, or an application) as a module that operates to perform specified operations. In an example, the software may reside on a machine readable medium. In an example, the software, when executed by the underlying hardware of the module, causes the hardware to perform the specified operations.

Accordingly, the term “module” is understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, specifically configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily (e.g., transitorily) configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a specified manner or to perform part or all of any operation described herein. Considering examples in which modules are temporarily configured, each of the modules need not be instantiated at any one moment in time. For example, where the modules comprise a general-purpose hardware processor configured using software, the general-purpose hardware processor may be configured as respective different modules at different times. Software may accordingly configure a hardware processor, for example, to constitute a particular module at one instance of time and to constitute a different module at a different instance of time.

Some embodiments may be implemented fully or partially in software and/or firmware. This software and/or firmware may take the form of instructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Those instructions may then be read and executed by one or more processors to enable performance of the operations described herein. The instructions may be in any suitable form, such as but not limited to source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. Such a computer-readable medium may include any tangible non-transitory medium for storing information in a form readable by one or more computers, such as but not limited to read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; flash memory, etc.

FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless device 700 upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies or operations) discussed herein may perform. The wireless device 700 may be a HE device or HE wireless device. The wireless device 700 may be a HE STA 504, HE AP 502, and/or a HE STA or HE AP. AHE STA 504, HE AP 502, and/or a HE AP or HE STA may include some or all of the components shown in FIGS. 1-7. The wireless device 700 may be an example machine 600 as disclosed in conjunction with FIG. 6.

The wireless device 700 may include processing circuitry 708. The processing circuitry 708 may include a transceiver 702, physical layer circuitry (PHY circuitry) 704, and MAC layer circuitry (MAC circuitry) 706, one or more of which may enable transmission and reception of signals to and from other wireless devices 700 (e.g., HE AP 502, HE STA 504, and/or legacy devices 506) using one or more antennas 712. As an example, the PHY circuitry 704 may perform various encoding and decoding functions that may include formation of baseband signals for transmission and decoding of received signals. As another example, the transceiver 702 may perform various transmission and reception functions such as conversion of signals between a baseband range and a Radio Frequency (RF) range.

Accordingly, the PHY circuitry 704 and the transceiver 702 may be separate components or may be part of a combined component, e.g., processing circuitry 708. In addition, some of the described functionality related to transmission and reception of signals may be performed by a combination that may include one, any or all of the PHY circuitry 704 the transceiver 702, MAC circuitry 706, memory 710, and other components or layers. The MAC circuitry 706 may control access to the wireless medium. The wireless device 700 may also include memory 710 arranged to perform the operations described herein, e.g., some of the operations described herein may be performed by instructions stored in the memory 710.

The antennas 712 (some embodiments may include only one antenna) may comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals. In some multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) embodiments, the antennas 712 may be effectively separated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result.

One or more of the memory 710, the transceiver 702, the PHY circuitry 704, the MAC circuitry 706, the antennas 712, and/or the processing circuitry 708 may be coupled with one another. Moreover, although memory 710, the transceiver 702, the PHY circuitry 704, the MAC circuitry 706, the antennas 712 are illustrated as separate components, one or more of memory 710, the transceiver 702, the PHY circuitry 704, the MAC circuitry 706, the antennas 712 may be integrated in an electronic package or chip.

In some embodiments, the wireless device 700 may be a mobile device as described in conjunction with FIG. 6. In some embodiments the wireless device 700 may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more wireless communication standards as described herein (e.g., as described in conjunction with FIGS. 1-6, IEEE 802.11). In some embodiments, the wireless device 700 may include one or more of the components as described in conjunction with FIG. 6 (e.g., display device 610, input device 612, etc.) Although the wireless device 700 is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. For example, some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein. In some embodiments, the functional elements may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.

In some embodiments, an apparatus of or used by the wireless device 700 may include various components of the wireless device 700 as shown in FIG. 7 and/or components from FIGS. 1-6. Accordingly, techniques and operations described herein that refer to the wireless device 700 may be applicable to an apparatus for a wireless device 700 (e.g., HE AP 502 and/or HE STA 504), in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the wireless device 700 is configured to decode and/or encode signals, packets, and/or frames as described herein, e.g., PPDUs.

In some embodiments, the MAC circuitry 706 may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium during a contention period to receive control of the medium for a HE TXOP and encode or decode an HE PPDU. In some embodiments, the MAC circuitry 706 may be arranged to contend for the wireless medium based on channel contention settings, a transmitting power level, and a clear channel assessment level (e.g., an energy detect level).

The PHY circuitry 704 may be arranged to transmit signals in accordance with one or more communication standards described herein. For example, the PHY circuitry 704 may be configured to transmit a HE PPDU. The PHY circuitry 704 may include circuitry for modulation/demodulation, upconversion/downconversion, filtering, amplification, etc. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 708 may include one or more processors. The processing circuitry 708 may be configured to perform functions based on instructions being stored in a RAM or ROM, or based on special purpose circuitry. The processing circuitry 708 may include a processor such as a general purpose processor or special purpose processor. The processing circuitry 708 may implement one or more functions associated with antennas 712, the transceiver 702, the PHY circuitry 704, the MAC circuitry 706, and/or the memory 710. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 708 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions/operations and/or methods described herein.

In mmWave technology, communication between a station (e.g., the HE stations 504 of FIG. 5 or wireless device 700) and an access point (e.g., the HE AP 502 of FIG. 5 or wireless device 700) may use associated effective wireless channels that are highly directionally dependent. To accommodate the directionality, beamforming techniques may be utilized to radiate energy in a certain direction with certain beamwidth to communicate between two devices. The directed propagation concentrates transmitted energy toward a target device in order to compensate for significant energy loss in the channel between the two communicating devices. Using directed transmission may extend the range of the millimeter-wave communication versus utilizing the same transmitted energy in omni-directional propagation.

Wi-Fi 8 standardization is under development. Additionally, more bandwidth is needed for wireless communications because of its popularity. The bandwidths of the legacy Wi-Fi standards are less than 7 GHz, e.g. 2.4/5/6 GHz. The new bandwidth is in the 40-60 GHz range. For example, a spectrum between 42-48 GHz as described herein, which is called Mobile broadband wireless access (BWA) and is available in China for unlicensed use.

A technical problem is to design an architecture for the new bandwidth in the 40-60 GHz range. Some embodiments solve this problem by reusing the legacy Wi-Fi standards, PHY parameters, and/or IEEE standards such as IEEE 802.11ac and adjusting the RF parameters. The RF parameters are adjusted by upclocking by a factor such as 5 to 10 that enables a channelization that uses the new bandwidth with minimum or lessor wasted bandwidth in the channelization. Additionally, in upclocking subcarrier spacing is increased to compensate for the greater noise in the 40-60 GHz band. The technical problem is addressed which allows for fully reusing the baseband in the lower band with only a few changes, which may reduce the cost of deployment and development. Additionally, with the channelization used in IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.11ad, and/or IEEE 802.1lay better coexistence may be achieved in the sense the energy detection will be able to be done on overlapping channels.

Additionally, in some embodiments the packet format of IEEE 802.11ac is changed to remove the legacy portion of the preamble because legacy devices would not be operating on 42-48 GHz band. Other changes to the IEEE 802.11ac packet format are described below.

FIG. 8 illustrates the 42-48 GHz band 800, in accordance with some embodiments. There is a fixed broadband wireless access (BWA) 814 starting at 40.5 GHz 802 and ending at 42.3 GHz 804. There is a fixed BWA 822 starting at 48.4 GHz 810 and ending at 50.2 GHz 812. The 42-48 GHz band 800 starts at 42.3 GHz 804 and ends at 48.4 GHz 810 with a portion 818 that is blocked out.

The 42-48 GHz band 800 includes mobile BWA 816, which starts at 42.3 GHz 804 and ends at 47.0 GHz, and mobile BWA 820, which starts at 47.2 GHz 808 and ends at 48.4 GHz 810.

TABLE 1 PHY Parameters for 802.11 ac BANDWIDTH Parameter 20 40 80 160 N_(DFT) 64 128  256  512 ΔF 312.5 KHz T_(DFT) 3.2 μs T_(S) 50 ns 25 ns 12.5 ns 6.25 ns T_(GI) T_(DFT)/4 = 0.8 μs N_(GI) 16 32 64 128 T_(GI SHORT) T_(DFT)/4 = 0.4 μs N_(GI SHORT)  8 16 32  64

Table 1 illustrates physical (PHY) parameter for IEEE 802.11ac. The NDFT is the number of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) values or symbols. AF is the subcarrier frequency spacing between symbols. TDFT is the Discrete Fourier Transform period. Ts is the symbol time or time per NDFT. TGI is the Guard Interval duration. N_(G)I is the number of Guard Interval symbols.

TABLE 2 PHY Parameters for the 42-48 GHz Band BANDWIDTH Parameter 20 40 80 160 Option 1 Option 2 N_(DFT) 64    128    256    512    1024 512 ΔF 2.5 MHz 2.5 MHz 5 MHZ T_(DFT) 0.4 μs 0.4 μs 0.2 μs T_(S)  6.25   3.12   1.56   0.78 0.39 ns 0.39 μs ns ns ns ns T_(GI) TDFT/4 = 100 ns 100 ns 50 ns N_(GI) 16     32     64    128     256 128 T_(GI SHORT) TDFT/4 = 50 ns  50 ns 25 ns N_(GI SHORT)  8     16     32     64     128  64

Table 2 illustrates PHY parameter for the 42-48 Band. The NDFT is the number of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) values or symbols. AF is the subcarrier frequency spacing between symbols. TDFT is the Discrete Fourier Transform period (or inverse Discrete Fourier Transform period). Ts is the symbol time or time per NDFT. T _(G)I is the Guard Interval duration. N_(G)I is the number of Guard Interval symbols.

FIG. 9 illustrates a channelization of the 42-48 GHz Band 900, in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 9 illustrates the 42-48 GHz band 800 and the channelization of the 42-48 GHz band 900. The channelization of the 42-48 GHz band 900 includes 320 MHz channels 902 as disclosed in Table 3, 640 MHz channels 904 as disclosed in Table 4, and 1280 MHz channels 906 as disclosed in Table 5.

TABLE 3 320 MHz Channelization Channel Number Start End Center  1 42.39 42.71 42.55  2 42.71 43.03 42.87  3 43.03 43.35 43.19  4 43.35 43.67 43.51  5 43.67 43.99 43.83  6 43.99 44.31 44.15  7 44.31 44.63 44.47  8 44.63 44.95 44.79  9 44.95 45.27 45.11 10 45.27 45.59 45.43 11 45.59 45.91 45.75 12 45.91 46.23 46.07 13 46.23 46.55 46.39 14 46.55 46.87 46.71 15 47.25 47.57 47.41 16 47.57 47.89 47.73 17 47.89 48.21 48.05

Table 3—320 MHz channelization illustrates examples of how channels numbers 1-17 are organized within the 42-48 GHz band 800, in accordance with some embodiments. One skilled in the art would recognize that the start, end, and center may vary and/or that the 320 MHz channels 902 may be mixed with one or more of the 640 MHz channels 904 and/or the 1280 MHz channels 906.

TABLE 4 540 MHz Channelization (operating class frequency 42.66-47.52) Channel Number Start End Center  1 42.39 42.93 42.66  2 42.93 43.47 43.2   3 43.47 44.01 43.74  4 44.01 44.55 44.28  5 44.55 45.09 44.82  6 45.09 45.63 45.36  7 45.63 46.17 45.9   8 46.17 46.71 46.44  9 47.25 47.79 47.52 10 47.79 48.33 48.06

Table 4—540 MHz channelization illustrates examples of how channels numbers 1-10 are organized within the 42-48 GHz band 800, in accordance with some embodiments. One skilled in the art would recognize that the start, end, and center may vary and/or that the 640 MHz channels 904 may be mixed with one or more of the 320 MHz channels 902 and/or the 1280 MHz channels 906.

TABLE 5 1280 MHz Channelization (operating class frequency 42.93-47.79) Channel Number Start End Center 1 42.39 43.47 42.93 2 43.47 44.55 44.01 3 44.55 45.63 45.09 4 45.63 46.71 46.17 5 47.25 48.33 47.79

Table 5—1280 MHz channelization illustrates examples of how channels numbers 1-5 are organized within the 42-48 GHz band 800, in accordance with some embodiments. One skilled in the art would recognize that the start, end, and center may vary and/or that the 1280 MHz channels 906 may be mixed with one or more of the 320 MHz channels 902 and/or the 1280 MHz channels 906.

A new channelization of the 42-48 GHz Band 900, which may be used in China is described. The new channelization of the 42-48 GHz Band 900 allows for non-overlapping 160 MHz, 320 MHz, 640 MHz, 1280 MHz, and 2560 MHz, subchannels. In some embodiments, the RF parameters or numerology for OFDM in IEEE 802.11ac for 20 MHz are modified. The modification is to upclock the parameters in order to increase the bandwidth from 20 MHz to 160 MHz, which means an upclock factor of 8×. Similarly, a 40MHz IEEE 802.11ac waveform would lead with the 8× upclock to a 320MHz waveform in the 42-48 GHz band 800, and so on for 80MHz going to 640 MHz, 160MHz going to 1280 MHz, and so forth.

The parameters for Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) are the same for a bandwidth of 160MHz in the 42-48 GHz band 800 as for a bandwidth of 20 MHz in 2.4/5/6 GHz bands. One skilled in the art would recognize that different upclock factors and starting waveform frequencies could be used to match the proposed channelization.

In some embodiments, the IEEE 802.11ac payload is reused as disclosed in the IEEE 802.11ac standard such as IEEE P802.11-REVme™/D0.4, October 2021.

In some embodiments, the payload is modified to improve operation in the new band. The IEEE 802.11ac preamble is modified or replaced. While this requires a change to the hardware, the change would be fairly minor compared to a completely new PHY layer. The IEEE 802.11ac payload is used, and the hardware architecture would be used with some modification such as. The hardware architure includes FFT sizes, pipeline processing, and so forth.

In some embodiments, the Legacy portion of the preamble is used, e.g., STF, LTF, L-RL, U-SIG, and so forth. In some embodiments, legacy preamble is not used and the preamble starts with the VHT preamble (IEEE 802.11ac) with a V-STF, V-HTF and V-SIG.

In some embodiments, the IEEE 802.11ac is modified where the STF has more repetitions and enables beamforming training with the STFs of the preamble. In some embodiments, the LTF structure of the IEEE 802.11ac packet is modified to improve receiver parameter estimation. For example, if the legacy portion of the IEEE 802.11ac packet (PPDU) is removed than extra LTF may be transmitted or a new LTF format may be used.

In some embodiments, the Legacy or VHT signal field is modified. For example, parameters are added that are relevant to the 42-48 GHz band 800, along with any changes to the STF/LTF to be signaled. In some embodiments, a new signal field is used with the payload of the IEEE 802.11ac PPDU.

In some embodiments, a new Greenfield preamble for the VHT payload is used. Since there are no legacy devices in 42-48 GHz band 800, the overhead of signaling can be avoided with the new Greenfield preamble. In some embodiments, the preamble of IEEE 802.11ac is replaced with a new preamble appropriate for the 42-48 GHz band 800 where the new preamble includes omni detection, beam selection/training, parameter estimation, and so forth. The new preamble would include one or more new signal fields that would signal the contents of the IEEE 802.11ac payload.

In some embodiments, a new preamble includes a first signal that would be used for packet acquisition and lock, then a refinement signal to lock all receiver parameters (time, frequency, phase . . . ). Then a signal to train the receiver for channel estimates and potentially the same signal for transmit beamforming weights or sector identification.

FIG. 10 illustrates a method 1000 for wireless operation in the 42-48 GHz band, in accordance with some embodiments. The method 1000 begins at operation 1002 with transmitting a first physical (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) on a 42-48 GHz band in accordance with a subcarrier spacing of 2.5 KHz and Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) period of 0.4 μs, where the apparatus is configured to transmit at least on a 160 MHz subchannel, a 320 MHz subchannel, a 640 MHz subchannel, and a 1280 MHz subchannel. For example, the wireless device 700 may be configured to operate in accordance with Tables 2-5 as disclosed herein.

The method 1000 continues at operation 1004 with decoding a second PPDU, in response to the first PPDU, on the 42-48 GHz band in accordance with the subcarrier spacing of 2.5 KHz and an inverse DFT period of 0.4 μs. For example, the wireless device 700 may be configured to operate in accordance with Tables 2-5 as disclosed herein.

The method 1000 may be performed by an apparatus of a non-AP or STA or an apparatus of an AP. The method 1000 may be performed by an MLD. The method 1000 may include one or more additional instructions. The method 1000 may be performed in a different order. One or more of the operations of method 1000 may be optional.

The Abstract is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. Section 1.72(b) requiring an abstract that will allow the reader to ascertain the nature and gist of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to limit or interpret the scope or meaning of the claims. The following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus for a station (STA) or access point (AP), the apparatus comprising memory; and processing circuitry coupled to the memory, the processing circuitry configured to: transmit a first physical (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) on a 42-48 GHz band in accordance with a subcarrier spacing of 2.5 KHz and Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) period of 0.4 μs, wherein the apparatus is configured to transmit at least on a 160 MHz subchannel, a 320 MHz subchannel, a 640 MHz subchannel, and a 1280 MHz subchannel; and decode a second PPDU, in response to the first PPDU, on the 42-48 GHz band in accordance with the subcarrier spacing of 2.5 KHz and an inverse DFT period of 0.4 μs.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to: encode the first PPDU to comprise a data portion encoded in accordance with Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.11ac.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to: refrain from encoding the first PPDU to comprise a legacy short training field (L-STF), a legacy long training field (L-LTF), and a legacy signal field (L-SIG).
 4. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to: encode the first PPDU to comprise short training fields to perform beamforming with the short training fields.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to: encode the first PPDU to comprise a signal field for the 42-48 GHz band.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first PPDU is transmitted with a guard interval duration of 100 ns.
 7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first PPDU is transmitted with a number of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) symbols of 64 for the 160 MHz subchannel, 128 for the 320 MHz subchannel, 256 for the 640 MHz subchannel, and 512 for the 1280 MHz subchannel.
 8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the apparatus is further configured to transmit on a 2560 MHz subchannel.
 9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first PPDU is transmitted with a subcarrier spacing of 5 MHz on the 2560 MHz subchannel.
 10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to: encode the first PPDU in accordance with a Greenfield mode.
 11. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a first subchannel number of the 160 MHz subchannel has a beginning frequency of 42.39 GHz and an ending frequency of 42.71 GHz, wherein a first subchannel number of the 320 MHz subchannel has a beginning frequency of 42.39 GHz and an ending frequency of 42.93 GHz, and wherein a first subchannel number of the 1280 MHz subchannel has a beginning frequency of 42.39 GHz and an ending frequency of 43.47 GHz.
 12. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising transceiver circuitry coupled to the processing circuitry, the transceiver circuitry coupled to two or more patch antennas for receiving signalling in accordance with a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique.
 13. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising transceiver circuitry coupled to the processing circuitry, the transceiver circuitry coupled to two or more microstrip antennas for receiving signalling in accordance with a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique.
 14. A method performed by an apparatus for a station (STA) or access point (AP), the method comprising: transmitting a first physical (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) on a 42-48 GHz band in accordance with a subcarrier spacing of 2.5 KHz and Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) period of 0.4 μs, wherien the apparatus is configured to transmit at least on a 160 MHz subchannel, a 320 MHz subchannel, a 640 MHz subchannel, and a 1280 MHz subchannel; and decoding a second PPDU on the 42-48 GHz band in accordance with the subcarrier spacing of 2.5 KHz and an inverse DFT period of 0.4 μs.
 15. The method of claim 14 further comprising: encoding the first PPDU to comprise a data portion encoded in accordance with Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.11ac.
 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by one or more processors of an apparatus for an apparatus for a station (STA) or an apparatus for an access point (AP), the instructions to configure the one or more processors to: transmit a first physical (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) on a 42-48 GHz band in accordance with a subcarrier spacing of 2.5 KHz and Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) period of 0.4 μs, wherein the apparatus is configured to transmit at least on a 160 MHz subchannel, a 320 MHz subchannel, a 640 MHz subchannel, and a 1280 MHz subchannel; and decode a second PPDU on the 42-48 GHz band in accordance with the subcarrier spacing of 2.5 KHz and an inverse DFT period of 0.4 μs.
 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16 wherein the instructions further configure the one or more processor to: encode the first PPDU to comprise a data portion encoded in accordance with Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.11ac.
 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17 wherein the instructions further configure the one or more processor to: refrain from encoding the first PPDU to comprise a legacy short training field (L-STF), a legacy long training field (L-LTF), and a legacy signal field (L-SIG).
 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17 wherein the instructions further configure the one or more processor to: encode the first PPDU to comprise short training fields to perform beamforming with the short training fields.
 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16 wherein the instructions further configure the one or more processor to: encode the first PPDU to comprise a signal field for the 42-48 GHz band. 